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The first statistical graph was a rug
Van Langren's 1644 longitude estimates, one rule per determination, which is the form his own chart took.

Source
Svelte, builder, JSON
<script lang="ts">
import {
GeomRule,
GGPlot,
GuideNone,
Labs,
ThemeMinimal,
} from "@ggsvelte/svelte";
import { longitudeEstimates } from "./data.js";
</script>
<GGPlot
data={longitudeEstimates}
aes={{ x: "longitude" }}
width={640}
height={400}
>
<ThemeMinimal />
<Labs
title="The first statistical graph was a rug"
subtitle="Van Langren, 1628–1644: 61 estimates of a single fixed distance, spread across thirteen degrees"
x="Estimated distance (degrees of longitude)"
/>
<!-- y is synthetic for panel-spanning vertical rules; hide the 0–1 ladder (#700) -->
<GuideNone channel="y" />
<GeomRule alpha={0.35} linewidth={1.5} />
</GGPlot>
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